Contingency Approach for Tourism Industry:The application of China model in crisis management during the outbreak and pandemic of COVID-19

Starting in late 2019, an unexpected crisis, the outbreak of COVID-19, began to affect China's economy. Among the businesses most severely impacted have been those in the service and tourism industries. Some firms have been strongly affected due to industry's characteristics, such as the mobility of tourists. In references to what has been accomplished in this battle, the term ‘China model' has been used to describe the nation's effectiveness in preventing industries from collapsing. In this paper, by illustrating the situation of the Chinese tourism industry, a predictive evaluation concerning the COVID-2019 outbreak's impact on the entire tourism industry is expected to obtain. This investigation identifies three key factors affecting the success of the China model in tourism crisis management (CMTCM). Finally, the paper also constitutes an evaluation of the possibility of replicating the CMTCM in conclusions to provide a reference for future relevant studies.

The association of clinical features and laboratory findings of COVID-19 infection with computed pneumonia volume.

ABSTRACT: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in China in December 2019, and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020.To study the clinical features of patients with COVID-19, we analyzed the correlation between some inflammation-related indicators in patients' serum and the severity of the disease, especially PV (pneumonia volume under CT scan) and pneumonia volume ratio (PVR).Sixty-six COVID-19 patients in Huai'an, China were selected as the research subjects. We collected the clinical data, including general characteristics, clinical symptoms, serum test results and CT performance, explored the relationship between inflammation-related indexes, oxygenation index, PV, PVR, while indicators of mild to moderate patients and severe patients were compared.The most prominent manifestations of COVID-19 patients were fever (47, 71.2%); cough (41, 62.1%), with or without respiratory and other systemic symptoms; There was no difference in gender (P = .567) and age (P = .865) between mild to moderate and severe groups. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) of overall patients were higher than the normal range (P < .001, respectively). hs-CRP was negatively correlated with oxygenation index (OI) (r = -0.55), whereas positively correlated with PV, PVR and ESR (r = 0.89; r = 0.87; r = 0.47, respectively); ESR was negatively correlated with OI (r = -0.45), meanwhile it was positively correlated with PV and PVR (r = 0.44; r = 0.46, respectively). OI was negatively correlated with PV and PVR (r = -0.6, respectively). PV had a clear correlation with PVR (r = 1). Severe patients' hs-CRP, PV, PVR were higher than mild to moderate group (P = .006; P = .001; P < .001, respectively), but OI was lower (P < .001).The clinical features of COVID-19 were similar to general viral pneumonia. hs-CRP, ESR showed a certain correlation with the PV and PVR, which might play a certain role in assessing the severity of COVID-19.

Review and Thinking on Forensic Pathological Changes of Coronavirus-Infected Diseases.

Since the beginning of this century, three types of coronavirus have widely transmitted and caused severe diseases and deaths, which strongly indicates that severe infectious diseases caused by coronavirus infection are not accidental events. Coronavirus-infected diseases are mainly manifested by respiratory symptoms, with multiple organ dysfunctions. Precisely investigating the pathological process, characteristics and pathogenesis of coronavirus-infected diseases will be beneficial for us to understand clinical manifestations and provide targeted suggestions on prophylaxis and treatment. This paper briefly reviews the pathological findings of three known coronavirus-infected diseases, and attempts to construct the pathological spectrum of coronavirus-infected diseases, aiming to provide reference and thinking for autopsy, histopathological examination and animal infection model study of coronavirus-infected diseases.

Patterns of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of interventional inflammatory bowel disease practice.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Performance of diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic procedures in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can be challenging during a viral pandemic; the main concerns being the safety and protection of patients and health care providers (HCP). The aim of this study is to identify endoscopic practice patterns and outcomes of IBD and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a worldwide survey of HCP. METHODS: The 20-item survey questionnaire was sent to physician members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Special Interest Group in Interventional IBD, Chinese IBD Society Endoscopy Interest Group, and the China Crohn's and Colitis Foundation. RESULTS: A total of 141 respondents submitted valid responses. Nighty-five respondents (67.9%) reported that at least 25% of their scheduled emergent endoscopic procedures were canceled or postponed during the pandemic. Fifty-six respondents (40.0%) have performed emergent endoscopy during the pandemic. A few respondents (9/140, 6.4%) estimated that more than 25% of their patients had worsened disease due to delayed or canceled emergent endoscopy procedures. More than 80% of respondents believed that personal protective equipment (PPE) for the endoscopy team, room sterilization, and pre-procedure screening of patients for COVID-19 were necessary. Out of 140 respondents, 16 (11.4%) reported that several of their patients had COVID-19. Eight clinicians (5.7%) reported that they or their endoscopy colleagues developed work-related COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Cancellation of elective and emergent endoscopy in IBD care during the pandemic was common. Few respondents reported that their patients' disease conditions worsened due to the cancellation of the endoscopy procedure. Most respondents voiced the need for proper PPE during the procedure regardless of patients' COVID-19 status and screening the patients for COVID-19.